BILINGUALS

In ancient times, the role of interpreters was performed by bilinguals — people who spoke two languages. They facilitated communication between tribal chiefs and helped them resolve issues of vital importance to their communities. Their responsibilities included mediating territorial disputes, organizing the exchange of handicrafts and agricultural produce, and taking part in negotiations concerning declarations of war or the establishment of peace.

The first interpreters differed considerably from modern professionals. They had no systematic knowledge of linguistics or translation theory, yet they performed a similar function: ensuring mutual understanding between people who spoke different languages.